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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111
Figure 1: Left: Scheme of a typical blast furnace (picture from OpenStax, Blast Furnace Reactions, CC BY 4.0)...
Figure 2: (a) A leaf of Salvinia molesta (Kariba weed) from above. The inset (b) shows the eggbeater-like str...
Figure 3: The skin structures of Collembola (springtails) show several levels of protection against wetting: ...
Figure 4: Basic structure of the xylem, the water transport tissue of plants. The xylem consists of elongated...
Figure 5: Left: Closely arranged “ice cream cones” on the surfaces of tuyères that contain gas pockets are ab...
Figure 6: The two test objects before (a, c) and after (b, d) testing. (a, b) Unmodified copper plate, (c,d) ...
Figure 7: Sketch of the project progress. Initially, two biological models showing highly water-repellent sur...
Figure 8: Illustration of the Young–Laplace equation. Left: The interface is given by the equation z = u(x,y)...
Figure 9: Mechanical stability of a gas/liquid interface. Left: After being deflected from its equilibrium po...
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 394–402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.41
Figure 1: The bar separates A from B, one of the main functions of borders.
Figure 2: The circle encloses a defined space separated from the surrounding.
Figure 3: Some of the cultural differences between industry and science.
Figure 4: Achieving a breakthrough by following ideas off the mainstream.
Figure 5: The available space for opportunities may be explored but does not necessarily need to be.
Figure 6: The selective permeability is another main function of borders.
Figure 7: Fundamentals of self-cleaning in plants: a rough, hydrophobic surface (left) causes water to form s...
Figure 8: Borders separating a space from the surrounding may serve as a protective cover allowing for develo...
Figure 9: Is lotus related to water lilies (upper left) or poppies (lower left)? Epicuticular wax tubules (lo...
Figure 10: First demonstrator exhibiting the principle of self-cleaning derived from lotus leaves.
Figure 11: Depending on new developments, or changes in perception the selection criteria and, as a result, th...
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 152–161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.19
Figure 1: (a) Lotus leaves, which exhibit extraordinary water repellency on their upper side. (b) Scanning el...
Figure 2: Epidermis cells of the leaf upper side with papillae. The surface is densely covered with wax tubul...
Figure 3: SEM images of the papillose leaf surfaces of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) (a), Euphorbia myrsinites (b)...
Figure 4: The contact between water and superhydrophobic papillae at different pressures. At moderate pressur...
Figure 5: Measured forces between a superhydrophobic papilla-model and a water drop during advancing and rece...
Figure 6: Papillose and non-papillose leaf surfaces with an intact coating of wax crystals: (a) Nelumbo nucif...
Figure 7: Traces of natural erosion of the waxes on the same leaves as in Figure 6: (a) Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus); (b) ...
Figure 8: Test for the stability of the waxes against damaging by wiping on the same leaves: (a) Nelumbo nuci...
Figure 9: SEM and LM images of cross sections through the papillae. Lotus (a,b) and Euphorbia myrsinites (c,d...
Figure 10: Epicuticular wax crystals in an area of 4 × 3 µm2. The upper side of the lotus leaf (a) has the hig...
Figure 11: Chemical composition of the separated waxes of the upper and lower side of the lotus leaf. The uppe...
Figure 12: X-ray diffraction diagram of upperside lotus wax. The ‘long spacing’ peaks indicate a layer structu...
Figure 13: Model of a wax tubule composed of layers of nonacosan-10-ol and nonacosanediol molecules. The OH-gr...